Space, Restrictions & Robots: The summer of the twenty-eight year of the 22nd century of the Christian era. Hardcover – August 5, 2024

In this book, the emphasis is to describe intricate scientific subjects free, as much as possible, of mathematical equations and the inherent bias they introduce in the subject matter analysis.Chapter 2 covers space. We do not know what is out there in the universe because we do not see the universe as it is now, but how it was. All the information received from the universe comes riding in beams of electromagnetic radiation; the "picture" that we receive is hard to interpret because we are accustomed to seeing simultaneous events. The picture is strange because the images are progressively retarded from minutes for nearby celestial objects to billions of years for remote galaxies.Chapter 3 describes stars and galaxies. We accepted that the redshift is a consequence of the Doppler Effect and concluded the galaxies must be receding from Earth with a velocity that increases with the distance between Earth and the galaxy. This reasoning led to the concept of the expanding universe, as proposed by Edwin Hubble in the 1920s.Chapter 4 is an elementary description of the human nervous system. Humans have studied human vision in great detail but still cannot explain how we see it. The light reflected by the observed object enters the human eye through the cornea where it penetrates the pupil and then goes through the crystalline lens, which is controlled by the ciliary muscles focus the light beam on the photoreceptor cells located in the Fovea, which is part of the retina. There, the light is converted into an electrical signal and delivered by the optic nerves to a specific sensory pattern located in the brain.How the brain converts the electrical signals into the image that we see is unknown. Although we know where in the brain the signals go. The present ideas about human vision and how it works are described in Chapter 5. There is stated that the electromagnetic field of the reflected light mimics, exactly and instantaneously the shape, size, and color of the object that reflected the light. There is no other plausible explanation. I put forward the idea that the information contained in the reflected light is directly correlated to the shape of the electric field equipotential surfaces in the sensed pattern.The material in sections 6-1 to 6-5 is mainly dedicated to human thinking restrictions. I worked in a vacuum, with a subject of my own creation. In this chapter, I bring into focus the limitations of the human mind and the restrictions inherent in our reasoning process.For a long time, researchers have been looking for the “thinking cell or organelle” that would explain how we think and memorize; they had found nothing. I argue that the mind produces theories, ideas, and concepts through reasoning and reasoning implicitly convey restriction. Hence, man cannot make rationalizations without restriction. Also, I introduced the concept of thinking patterns. Although, the present-day knowledge about thinking patterns is almost zero. We know that each of these patterns contains billions of neurons, and even more of the many types of glial cells, and Schwann cells, and that blood capillaries provide blood to the patterns.The interactions between all these components is largely unknown. And we do not know how we memorize information, and how we reason about it. Section 6-2 is dedicated to human logic, which we called Logic 1, I used the human species logic as a point of reference to compare all other specy's logic. Section 6.3 is dedicated to Fractional logic, which covers animal logic. Section 6.4 explains the logic of unknown superior beings, which I called Higher Logics. Section 6.5 is dedicated to Artificial Intelligence. Sections 6-6 to 6-24 cover the synthesis of Boolean functions and their implementation using electronics gates. Read more